{"id":5985,"date":"2026-06-19T06:50:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T06:50:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/?p=5985"},"modified":"2026-06-19T06:50:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T06:50:57","slug":"prerezavanie-ovocnych-stromov-na-jar-hlavne-tajomstva-skusenych-zahradkarov-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/?p=5985","title":{"rendered":"Prerez\u00e1vanie ovocn\u00fdch stromov na jar. Hlavn\u00e9 tajomstv\u00e1 sk\u00fasen\u00fdch z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1hradk\u00e1r sn\u00edva o tom, \u017ee zo svojich ovocn\u00fdch stromov pozbiera bohat\u00fa a zdrav\u00fa \u00farodu. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k tomuto \u00faspechu je spr\u00e1vny a v\u010dasn\u00fd jarn\u00fd rez ovocn\u00fdch stromov. Tento botanick\u00fd \u00fakon sa v\u0161ak mus\u00ed vykon\u00e1va\u0165 s maxim\u00e1lnou prec\u00edznos\u0165ou a citom. Pr\u00edli\u0161 radik\u00e1lny alebo neodborn\u00fd z\u00e1sah by mohol ovocn\u00fd strom v\u00e1\u017ene oslabi\u0165, v hor\u0161om pr\u00edpade sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 jeho postupn\u00e9 odumieranie. Spr\u00e1vne vykonan\u00e9 prerez\u00e1vanie naopak presvetl\u00ed korunu, na\u0161tartuje cirkul\u00e1ciu \u017eiv\u00edn a zabezpe\u010d\u00ed ide\u00e1lne podmienky pre v\u00fdvoj ve\u013ek\u00fdch plodov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Optim\u00e1lny \u010das na jarn\u00fd rez: Kedy vyrazi\u0165 do z\u00e1hrady so z\u00e1hradn\u00edckymi no\u017enicami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spr\u00e1vne na\u010dasovanie rezu je pre zdravie stromov kritick\u00e9. Ak za\u010dnete s rezom pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro, hroz\u00ed riziko po\u0161kodenia mrazom a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 odumretie kon\u00e1rov. Naopak, pri neskorom prerez\u00e1van\u00ed u\u017e v strome mas\u00edvne pr\u00fadi miazga, rany intenz\u00edvne \u201epla\u010d\u00fa\u201c a hojenie trv\u00e1 ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ie. Sk\u00fasen\u00ed ovocin\u00e1ri sa riadia jasn\u00fdm pravidlom: ide\u00e1lny \u010das nast\u00e1va na konci zimy alebo za\u010diatku jari, ke\u010f sa teplota stabilne pohybuje okolo -5 \u00b0C. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov je najvhodnej\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm polovica marca alebo samotn\u00fd za\u010diatok apr\u00edla, kedy stromy e\u0161te spia, no najsilnej\u0161ie mrazy u\u017e pominuli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Predt\u00fdm, ako urob\u00edte prv\u00fd rez, mus\u00edte d\u00f4kladne pripravi\u0165 svoje z\u00e1hradn\u00edcke n\u00e1radie. No\u017enice, p\u00edlky a no\u017ee musia by\u0165 dokonale ostr\u00e9, aby rany boli \u010dist\u00e9 a nerozstrapkan\u00e9. Nesmierne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je aj dezinfekcia n\u00e1strojov (napr\u00edklad alkoholom), \u010d\u00edm zabr\u00e1nite prenosu bakteri\u00e1lnych a hubov\u00fdch infekci\u00ed medzi stromami. Pri mlad\u00fdch strom\u010dekoch a \u010derstv\u00fdch sadeniciach postupujte opatrne \u2013 tie si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa iba minim\u00e1lny v\u00fdchovn\u00fd rez. Odstra\u0148ujte v\u00fdhradne po\u0161koden\u00e9, chor\u00e9 alebo tie v\u00fdhonky, ktor\u00e9 zbyto\u010dne zahus\u0165uj\u00fa korunu. Ak odstra\u0148ujete cel\u00fd kon\u00e1r, re\u017ete ho v\u017edy tesne na kon\u00e1rov\u00fd kr\u00fa\u017eok, aby ste nenech\u00e1vali \u017eiadne pah\u00fdle, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa br\u00e1nou pre infekcie. Pri rezan\u00ed hrub\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov urobte najsk\u00f4r z\u00e1rez zospodu \u2013 tento overen\u00fd shortcut zabr\u00e1ni odl\u00fapeniu a po\u0161kodeniu k\u00f4ry pod v\u00e1hou padaj\u00faceho dreva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ako reza\u0165 jadroviny: Overen\u00fd postup pre jablone a hru\u0161ky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri jabloniach je hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 elegantn\u00fa, vzdu\u0161n\u00fa a dokonale symetrick\u00fa korunu. Prv\u00fd jarn\u00fd rez mlad\u00fdch jablon\u00ed sa vykon\u00e1va ihne\u010f po ich v\u00fdsadbe, kedy sa hlavn\u00fd kme\u0148 skr\u00e1ti na v\u00fd\u0161ku pribli\u017ene 90 cm. Ak m\u00e1 strom\u010dek bo\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky, nieko\u013eko najsilnej\u0161\u00edch skr\u00e1\u0165te o 1\/4 ich d\u013a\u017eky. Ak bo\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa, tento krok sa pres\u00fava na nasleduj\u00facu jar. V \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rokoch sa starostlivos\u0165 s\u00fastred\u00ed na odstra\u0148ovanie namrznut\u00fdch, vyschnut\u00fdch a vlkmi zahusten\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hru\u0161ky sa re\u017e\u00fa ve\u013emi podobne ako jablone, av\u0161ak s jedn\u00fdm podstatn\u00fdm rozdielom. Kon\u00e1re hru\u0161iek je potrebn\u00e9 pravidelne zakracova\u0165 na bo\u010dn\u00fd obrast. Tento krok sl\u00fa\u017ei ako prevencia pred tvorbou nadmern\u00e9ho mno\u017estva chaoticky skr\u00faten\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov, na ktor\u00e9 hru\u0161ky prirodzene trpia. V druhom roku \u017eivota stromu za\u010d\u00edname formova\u0165 korunu do poschod\u00ed. Cie\u013eom je vytvori\u0165 nieko\u013eko siln\u00fdch kostrov\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov usporiadan\u00fdch do tvaru vej\u00e1ra, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rovnomerne rozlo\u017een\u00e9 pod centr\u00e1lnym vodiacim kme\u0148om.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rez k\u00f4stkov\u00edn: \u0160pecifik\u00e1 pre broskyne, marhule, \u010dere\u0161ne a slivky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broskyne vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00fd pr\u00edstup \u2013 ich koruna sa tvaruje do n\u00edzkeho tvaru dutej misy (kotla) s n\u00edzkym kme\u0148om, aby malo ka\u017ed\u00e9 ovocie dostatok slnka. Po v\u00fdsadbe mlad\u00fd strom\u010dek zre\u017ete na v\u00fd\u0161ku 20 cm tesne nad miestom \u0161tepenia. Pri broskyniach nebu\u010fte pr\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazkostliv\u00ed a ne\u0161etrite star\u00e9 drevo, preto\u017ee rodia na ro\u010dnom obraste. Mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky sa na za\u010diatku skracuj\u00fa radik\u00e1lne, iba na 3 p\u00fa\u010diky. N\u00e1sledne sa koruna udr\u017eiava tak, aby strom nemal viac ako 5 hlavn\u00fdch kostrov\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov. Marhule si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa skr\u00e1tenie centr\u00e1lneho v\u00fdhonku na \u00farove\u0148 75 cm, pri\u010dom men\u0161ie bo\u010dn\u00e9 kon\u00e1re sa odstra\u0148uj\u00fa na kon\u00e1rov\u00fd kr\u00fa\u017eok. V nasleduj\u00facom roku skr\u00e1\u0165te vybran\u00e9 kostrov\u00e9 kon\u00e1re na 20 cm a konkuren\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky kompletne odstr\u00e1\u0148te. Stredn\u00edk (centr\u00e1lny kon\u00e1r) nakoniec zakr\u00e1\u0165te tak, aby prevy\u0161oval bo\u010dn\u00e9 vetvy o 15 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cere\u0161ne maj\u00fa rady presvetlen\u00fa korunu, no pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00fd radik\u00e1lny rez im neprospieva. Na vytvorenie optim\u00e1lneho tvaru sta\u010d\u00ed skr\u00e1ti\u0165 siln\u00e9 kon\u00e1re na p\u00fa\u010dik, ktor\u00fd smeruje von z koruny. V \u010fal\u0161om roku odstr\u00e1\u0148te v\u0161etky v\u00fdhonky divoko rast\u00face v oblasti kme\u0148a. Kostrov\u00e9 kon\u00e1re skracujte na siln\u00fd p\u00fa\u010dik tak, aby neprerastali stredov\u00fd vodiaci kme\u0148. V neskor\u0161om veku sa u\u017e \u010dere\u0161ne iba jemne presvet\u013euj\u00fa a odstra\u0148uj\u00fa sa such\u00e9 \u010di chor\u00e9 \u010dasti. Slivky sa po v\u00fdsadbe skracuj\u00fa na 75 cm pre spr\u00e1vny \u0161tart koruny. V druhom roku odstr\u00e1\u0148te konkuren\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky a kostrov\u00e9 kon\u00e1re skr\u00e1\u0165te o jeden p\u00fa\u010dik. N\u00e1sledne odstra\u0148ujte v\u0161etky kon\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 korunu dusia, spolu s namrznut\u00fdmi a po\u0161koden\u00fdmi vetvami. Aby slivka neprimerane ner\u00e1stla do v\u00fd\u0161ky, centr\u00e1lny kon\u00e1r v\u010das zre\u017ete na jeden siln\u00fd bo\u010dn\u00fd p\u00fa\u010dik. Star\u0161ie kon\u00e1re (4-ro\u010dn\u00e9 a star\u0161ie) vy\u017eaduj\u00fa omladzovac\u00ed rez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>O\u0161etrenie r\u00e1n po reze a d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 ovocin\u00e1rskeho kalend\u00e1ra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di re\u017eete mlad\u00fa jablo\u0148 alebo star\u0161iu slivku, ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden rez s priemerom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm ako hr\u00fabka ceruzky predstavuje pre strom otvoren\u00fa ranu. Aby ste zabr\u00e1nili vysychaniu dreva a vniknutiu nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch sp\u00f3r h\u00fab, je absol\u00fatnou nevyhnutnos\u0165ou v\u0161etky rezn\u00e9 plochy okam\u017eite o\u0161etri\u0165. Pou\u017eite na to kvalitn\u00fd z\u00e1hradn\u00fd vosk alebo stromov\u00fd balzam, ktor\u00fd ur\u00fdchli prirodzen\u00fa regener\u00e1ciu a hojenie r\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd ovocn\u00fd druh m\u00e1 svoje \u0161pecifick\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti a odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na obdobie strihania, odpor\u00fa\u010dame z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rom pravidelne konzultova\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00fd ovocin\u00e1rsky kalend\u00e1r. Preh\u013ead z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch parametrov rezu pre jednotliv\u00e9 stromy sme pre v\u00e1s zhrnuli do nasleduj\u00facej tabu\u013eky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 parametre rezu pre jednotliv\u00e9 ovocn\u00e9 stromy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Ovocn\u00fd strom<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>V\u00fd\u0161ka prv\u00e9ho rezu kme\u0148a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cielov\u00fd tvar koruny<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pravidlo \u00faspechu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>Jablo\u0148<\/strong><\/td><td>Skr\u00e1tenie na 90 cm<\/td><td>Symetrick\u00e1, vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 koruna<\/td><td>Pravidelne odstra\u0148ova\u0165 vertik\u00e1lne \u201evlky\u201c.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>Hru\u0161ka<\/strong><\/td><td>Podobne ako jablo\u0148<\/td><td>Poschodov\u00e1 (vej\u00e1rov\u00e1) koruna<\/td><td>Kon\u00e1re zakracova\u0165 striktne na bo\u010dn\u00fd obrast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>Brosky\u0148a<\/strong><\/td><td>Radik\u00e1lne na 20 cm nad \u0161tepom<\/td><td>Dut\u00e1 misa (kotlovit\u00e1 koruna)<\/td><td>Nebas\u0165 sa reza\u0165 star\u00e9 drevo, rod\u00ed na mlad\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkoch.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>Marhu\u013ea<\/strong><\/td><td>Skr\u00e1tenie na 75 cm<\/td><td>Otvoren\u00e1, svetl\u00e1 koruna<\/td><td>Stredn\u00edk mus\u00ed prevy\u0161ova\u0165 bo\u010dn\u00e9 kon\u00e1re o 15 cm.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>\u010cere\u0161\u0148a<\/strong><\/td><td>Jemn\u00fd v\u00fdchovn\u00fd rez<\/td><td>Presvetlen\u00e1 koruna<\/td><td>Reza\u0165 na p\u00fa\u010dik smeruj\u00faci von, obmedzi\u0165 radik\u00e1lny rez.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 <strong>Slivka<\/strong><\/td><td>Skr\u00e1tenie na 75 cm<\/td><td>Regulovan\u00e1 koruna<\/td><td>4-ro\u010dn\u00e9 a star\u0161ie kon\u00e1re vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pravideln\u00e9 omladenie.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm t\u00fdchto overen\u00fdch botanick\u00fdch postupov, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm ostr\u00e9ho n\u00e1radia a v\u010dasn\u00fdm zatieran\u00edm r\u00e1n z\u00e1hradn\u00fdm voskom zabezpe\u010d\u00edte svojim ovocn\u00fdm stromom ten najlep\u0161\u00ed \u0161tart do novej sez\u00f3ny. Stromy nebud\u00fa zbyto\u010dne str\u00e1ca\u0165 silu divok\u00fdm rastom, ale investuj\u00fa energiu do tvorby siln\u00fdch kvetn\u00fdch p\u00fa\u010dikov. Odmenou za va\u0161u jarn\u00fa n\u00e1mahu v sade bude z\u00e1plava zdrav\u00fdch, \u0161\u0165avnat\u00fdch a dokonale vyfarben\u00fdch plodov, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa p\u00fdchou va\u0161ej z\u00e1hrady. Prajeme v\u00e1m ve\u013ea \u00faspechov pri jarn\u00fdch pr\u00e1cach a bohat\u00fa \u00farodu!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1hradk\u00e1r sn\u00edva o tom, \u017ee zo svojich ovocn\u00fdch stromov pozbiera bohat\u00fa a zdrav\u00fa \u00farodu. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k tomuto \u00faspechu je spr\u00e1vny a v\u010dasn\u00fd jarn\u00fd rez ovocn\u00fdch stromov. Tento botanick\u00fd \u00fakon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recept"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5985"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5987,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5985\/revisions\/5987"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wundertricks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}